EPOX AMD Socket et A Processor based AGP (8X) mainboard Spezifikationen

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)CHAPTER-1MOTHERBOARD & ITS COMPONENT SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES1.1 CPU – Concept like address lines,

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Processors with 64-bit extension technology can run in real (8086) mode, IA-32 m

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Latest Chipset for MotherboardCMOS SetupPrepared By – Prof. Manoj.kavedia (9860174297 – 932425887

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Additional - InformationQ.State Feature of XT mother BoardAns. The following list shows the highl

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)• Wait states:• System board 1• Adapter 1Standard Feature• ROM size 40KB or 64KB• ROM shadowing N

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014) 20MB or 30MB hard disk drive (enhanced models) Serial/parallel interface (enhanced models) CM

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014) Coprocessor speed 4 or 5.33MHz Standard graphics None standard RS232C serial ports 1 (some mo

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Table . Differences Between PC/XT and AT SystemsSystem Attributes PC/XT Type 8-Bit 16-, 32-, 64

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Storage Devices & Interfacing.Objective� To understand the Recording techniques in storage de

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Display Devices & InterfacingObjective� To understand the construction and working of display

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)instructions; a BIOS update is also needed. Newer multicore processors with 64-bit support includ

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)32-bit hardware to mainstream 32-bit computing took 16 years. The first 64-bit PC processor was r

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Process technologiesQ.List and explain different Process technologiesAns. 1. Dual Independent Bus

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)boosting performance. Overall, DIB architecture offers up to three times the

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)With Hyper-Threading, a microprocessor's "core" processor can execute two (rather

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014) A processor with HT Technology enabled can fill otherwise-idle time with a second

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)appear as a quad-core processor to the OS. These processors combined 64-bit

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)The diagram below illustrates how a single-core processor (left) and a dual-core processor (right

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Processor Slot and SocketsQ.Write short note on Processor Slot and Sockets.Ans.CPU SocketA CPU

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Address BusIt is a group of wires or lines that are used to transfer the addresses of Memory or I

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)The original slot, or Slot 1 (pictured below), was first released by the

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Pentium and Pentium Pro processor sockets.Zero Insertion ForceWhen the Socket 1 specification was

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Figure Intel Socket 1 pinout.The original DX processor draws a maximum 0.9 amps of 5V power in 33

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Notice that although the chip for Socket 2 is called Pentium OverDrive, it is not a full-scale (6

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Figure. 237-pin Intel Socket 3 configuration.Notice that Socket 3 has one additional pin and sev

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)The 66MHz OverDrive processor that replaced it consumes a maximum 2.7 amps (13.5 watts), includin

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Figure. 320-pin Intel Socket 5 configuration.The Pentium OverDrive for Pentium processors has an

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)supplies for different processors, the VRM converts the 3.3V or 5V to the proper voltage for the

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Socket 8Socket 8 is a special SPGA socket featuring a whopping 387 pins! This was specifically de

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)processor instead of a socketed type, Intel moved back to the socket design to reduce the manufac

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)or receive data. The data bus also works as address bus when multiplexed with lower order address

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Installing a Pentium III processor in the FC-PGA package into an older motherboard is unlikely

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)The processor uses five voltage ID (VID) pins to signal the VRM built i

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)moved to incorporate L2 cache on-die, and the low-cost Duron was manufactured only in an on-die c

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Socket 603Socket 603 is used with the Intel Xeon processor in DP (dual pr

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Socket 940 is used with the Socket 940 version of the AMD Athlon 64 FX, as well as most AMD Opter

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Socket M2In the second quarter of 2006, AMD introduced processors that use a new socket, called S

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Slot 1 (SC242)Slot 1, also called SC242 (slot connector 242 pins), is used by the SEC design that

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Table 3.18. CPU Socket and Slot Types and SpecificationsChip Class Socket Pins Layout VoltageSupp

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Chip Class Socket Pins Layout VoltageSupported ProcessorsIntroducedD/Pentium Extreme Edition/LG

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Chip Class Socket Pins Layout VoltageSupported ProcessorsIntroducedPGA = Pin grid array PPGA = Pl

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)System bus It is a group of conductors. It is used to transfer information (electrical signal ) b

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)The southbridge is slower than the northbridge, and information from the CPU has to go th

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)• The IDE or ATA bus connects the southbridge to the disk drives.• The AGP bus connects the video

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Fig.Intel Hub Architecture (also called as AHA - Accelerated Hub Architecture) Intel introduced

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Fig. Because of the high-speed channel between the sections, the Intel Hub Architecture (IHA) i

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)82810 Graphics Memory Controller HubThe 82810 Graphics Memory Controller Hub (GMCH)

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Q.State Function of North and South BridgeAns. South BridgeThe southbridge is one of the

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)drives.USB Port Hi-speed (JSB 2.0 ports.7.1 Channel audio Option for integrated sound device with

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)contrast to the other I/O devices, the AGP port is connected directly to the north bridge, becaus

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)(among other factors) operating temperature; consequently most overclocking applicati

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)manufacturers. Intel and AMD provide specifications to the chipset manufacturers,

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Many different types of registers are common between most microprocessor designs. These are:Progr

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)the Southbridge chip. The Southbridge is the HUB that connects to slower I/O buses (for example,

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)can operate on both voltages, have two notches. Version 2.1 of the PCI standard introduced opt

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)The signalling voltage does not equal the voltage of the motherboard power supply but rather the

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Quatech's first data communication adapters were designed for the PC/ XT, and some of these

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)a new video card and you are unsure about the slots, stick with the PCI version of this card it w

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014) Parity on both data and address lines: This allows implementation of robust system. Support f

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014) 32-bit or 64-bit bus width 32-bit address space (4 gigabytes) 32-bit I/0 port space (

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)PCI-Express, on the other hand, is brand-new, and is intended to replace AGP in the desktop marke

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Ans.PCI-X stands for PCI Extended.The PCI-X spec essentially doubled the bus width from 32 bits t

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)A Bitflow R64 PCI-X frame grabber.Q.Is PCI-E any better?Ans.PCI-E stands fro PCI Express and is a

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Other general purpose registersThese registers have no specific purpose, but are generally used f

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)The connections between the devices and the switch is called a link and each link is consists of

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Cache MemoryQ.Write Short on Cache MemoryAns. cachememory is a high-speed memory buffer that te

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Disk caching applies the same principle to the hard disk that memory caching applies to the CPU.

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)OperationLet us suppose that the system has cache of three levels (level means that overall cache

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)When the processor needs to read from or write to a location in main memory, it first checks whet

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)not have louse the motherboard’s system bus for data transfer. Whenever data must be passed throu

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)L2 cache was first introduced with the Intel Pentium and Pentium Pro computers and has been inclu

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)• The same block of data which are stored on the main memory resides on the cache. Thus the instr

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Note : Multi-core processors include separate L1 caches for each processor core. Also, L1 cache

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)that the cache has the correct data 90% of the time, and consequently the processor runs at full

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)bit instructions using 16-bit internal registers and could address only 1 M

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)faster multicore processors such as the Intel Core i7 and AMD Phenom II and FX processors.L3 cach

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)and at RAM speed about 1% (10% of 10%) of the time (16 MHz in this case). You can clearly see the

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)OverView and Features of SDRAM , DDR, DDR2 and DDR3Q.What is SDRAMAns. Synchronous dynamic ra

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)because of the extra logic features. But the benefits of SDRAM allowed more than one set of memor

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)clock signal changes twice per transfer, while the data lines change at most once per transfer. W

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)This type of SDRAM is slower than the DDR variants, because only one word of data is transmitted

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)DDR2 SDRAMDDR2 SDRAM is very similar to DDR SDRAM, but doubles the minimum read

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)DDR3 SDRAMDDR3 continues the trend, doubling the minimum read or write unit to 8 consecutive word

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)The new chips are expected to run at 1.2 V or less, versus the 1.5 V of DDR3 chips, and have in

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Stub Series Terminated Logic (SSTL) is a group of electrical standards for driving transmission l

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)programs; it otherwise can use only the 16-bit instructions and access memory within the same 1 M

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)ODT : On-die termination (ODT) is the technology where the termination resistor for impedance mat

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)in-line memory module (RIMM), which is similar in size and pin configuration to a standard DIMM.

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)1) Conventional memory2) Upper memory area3) High memory area4) Extended memory 5) Expanded memor

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Extended memory : Extended memory is above 1MB. This memory is usually not available

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)developed by AST, Quadram and Ashton-Tate is known as EEMS (Extended EMS). EEMS enables programs

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Disk caches A disk cache is a program to speed up disk access by storing the most frequently use

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)It is sometimes up to 64K of real addresses but this is just a small portion of the whole expande

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)• BIOS or CMOS Setup - Configuration program that allows you to configure hardware settings inclu

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Q.How It Is Stored on a Computer• Traditional BIOS firmware is included on a computer motherboard

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)the type and placement of ports and connectors. Generally, you should choose the case to fit

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)It’s also important to note that some 16-bit (DOS and Windows 3.x) applications misbehave

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)first check the with the motherboard manufacturer to see if it is compatible, and then search the

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Manufacturer Socket Used ForIntel Socket 2011Intel’s most recent LGA socket. Used mostly by gamer

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Not all motherboards are the same physical size. The most common size is ATX; however, the specif

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)These dimensions are given only to help identify the type of motherboard currently in a computer.

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Input-Output (I/O) ConnectorsBack in the early days of personal computers, most input and output

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)monitors, or to gain speed, a separate video card is still recommended. Graphics accelerator car

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)done by adding eight extra 8-bit buses which allow the graphics controller to issue new AGP reque

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)Generally the CPU can more quickly access main memory than it can graphics local memory via AGP,

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)• AGP doesn't share bandwidth with other devices, whereas the PCI bus does share bandwidth.

Computer Architecture and Maintenance (G-Scheme-2014)• AGP's is pipelined therefore requests are executed in parallel, making e